On the territory of Republic of Croatia a new subspecies of land snails of the clausiliid genus Ruthenica has been found. Illustrated description is presented. New subspecies differs from other in shell shape, semi-apostrophic aperture and sculpture pattern.
ΠΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Ruthenica filograna (Rossmaessler, 1836) ΠΈΠ· Π Π΅ΡΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π₯ΠΎΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ R. filograna, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ R. gallinae. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΏΡΡΡΡ.
A new species of the family Coryphellidae, Coryphella alexanderi sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected in the Kuril Islands, North-West Pacific, from the upper sublittoral to 200 m depth. An integrative analysis was conducted, including a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on four markers (COI, 16S, H3, 28S), an automatic species delimitation method ABGD, and an analysis of the external and internal morphology using light and scanning electron microcopy. The distinctiveness of Coryphella alexanderi sp. nov. is well established both morphologically and genetically, and it differs from externally similar species in radular characters. Phylogenetically Coryphella alexanderi sp. nov. is closely related to Coryphella trophina, which occurs sympatrically in the same geographic and bathymetric ranges. Coryphella alexanderi sp. nov. appears to be restricted to the middle and northern Kuril Islands, which is consistent with the high numbers of endemic taxa in this area.
ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Coryphellidae, Coryphella alexanderi sp. nov., ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ Π’ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π°Π½Π°, Π² ΡΠ°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π² ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½, ΠΎΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Ρ 200 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»Ρ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ (COI, 16S, H3, 28S), Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ABGD, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Coryphella alexanderi sp. nov. Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΎΠΊΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Coryphella sanamyanae, Π°ΠΌΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Coryphella nobilis ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠΎ-Π°ΡΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Coryphella browni, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠ»Ρ. Π€ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ Coryphella trophina, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ . ΠΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ C. alexanderi sp. nov. ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°.
Studying of the demographic characteristics of populations of alien species at the stage of expansion makes it possible to assess their invasive potential. Field studies of alien terrestrial gastropods Xeropicta derbentina (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Hygromiidae), Brephulopsis cylindrica (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Enidae) and Harmozica ravergiensis (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Hygromiidae) have been carried out in Belgorod city, the southern part of the Central Russian Upland (Russia). All studied species are native to the Black Sea region and the Caucasus; in the southern part of the Central Russian Upland, they have been registered over the past ten years. The population density, demographic structure, and spatial structure have been analyzed for three years of observations (2017, 2019, 2020). During this period, the changes in the population density have been noted for all studied species. The most pronounced changes have been observed in X. derbentina, whose population density has significantly decreased, and the spatial structure has changed from clustered type to random distribution. In addition, the age structure of X. derbentina population had a pronounced change at the beginning of the snail activity season of 2020.
The expansion of the other two invaders, B. cylindrica and H. ravergiensis, is proved as more successful. At the same time, H. ravergiensis is distributed throughout the city. This species has stable population density and random type of spatial population structure on most sites. B. cylindrica has the highest population density: in 2020, it has reached 406 ind./m2 on average, with the maximum of 1215 ind./m2. Meantime, the species keeps the clustered spatial structure, which is explained by both high population density and adaptation to the arid conditions of its natural range.
ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π». ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Xeropicta derbentina (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Hygromiidae), Brephulopsis cylindrica (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Enidae) ΠΈ Harmozica ravergiensis (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Hygromiidae) Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ³Π° Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΠ΅Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ (Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ). ΠΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π²ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°, Π° Π½Π° ΡΠ³Π΅ Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (2017, 2019, 2020). ΠΠ° ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Ρ X. derbentina, ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ, Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Ρ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ X. derbentina ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ Π² Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.
ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ΅Π² ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ H. ravergiensis ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ². B. cylindrica ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ: Π² 2020 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π° 406 ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΎ 1215 ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π·Π° ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΆΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊ Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΠ΅Π°Π»Π°.
Mature glochidia of freshwater bivalves can give additional features for taxonomic revisions. To study morphology of glochidia with the scanning electron microscope (SEM), special collecting techniques, storage and preparation are required. Based on extensive personal experience, an overview of various techniques is presented, both positive and negative. The interactions of chemicals used for the storage of glochidia and dissolution of glochidial tissue are described. Techniques for cleaning and mounting the glochidial shells of Unionidae for investigations by SEM are described and compared.
ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ Π³Π»ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π²ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ° (Π‘ΠΠ), ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°, Ρ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ, Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π³Π»ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅Π². ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ° Π³Π»ΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΄ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° Π‘ΠΠ.
Additional material collected in September 2019 made it possible to clarify the range of conchological variability of Harmozica zangezurica recently described from the Syunik region of Armenia, which largely overlaps with that of Harmozica pisiformis thus rendering impossible the reliable identification of empty shells. At the same time the stability has been proven of a diagnostic feature of H. zangezurica β very long vaginal appendages whose length is approximately equal to the total length of the penis and epiphallus,. This character allows reliable distinguishing of H. zangezurica not only from the conchologically similar species H. pisiformis, but also from other representatives of the genus Harmozica. Some data on the ecology and life cycle of H. zangezurica were obtained.
ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌ, ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ 2019 Π³., ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π‘ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° Harmozica zangezurica, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π² Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Harmozica pisiformis, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠ° H. zangezurica, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²Π°Π³ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ H. zangezurica Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π° H. pisiformis, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Harmozica. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° H. zangezurica.