Keywords
new genus; new species; Rissochiton; Nierstraszella; Astrochiton; deep water; disjunct distribution; Pacific Ocean; Gulf of Mexico; Caribbean Sea; Jurassic chiton;
Pages
pp. 131 -
168

The present contribution expands the family Nierstraszellidae Sirenko, 1992 from a pair of deepwater species assigned to Nierstraszella Sirenko, 1992, to eight deepwater extant species in three genera, two of them new to science. These species are typically found on deep-sea sunken wood, implying a homologous ecological specialization shared for all species within the family. This systematic revision reflects a new understanding of a distinctive and ancient lineage within the chiton order, Lepidopleurida Thiele, 1909, whose revision has been challenged by inaccessible deepwater habitat of its members. Here we integrate both SEM and molecular studies, and recast Nierstraszellidae as one of multiple, mostly still unresolved, monophyletic lineages within Lepidopleurida. The type genus, Nierstraszella, is newly restricted to its type species, N. lineata (Nierstrasz, 1905), and two new genera are introduced. Rissochiton gen. nov. includes five similar species found in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, all once grouped uncomfortably as Leptochiton rissoi (Nierstrasz, 1905). We distinguish type species R. rissoi by morphology and DNA from four other similar species, including R. formosaensis sp. nov. and R. quincuncialis sp. nov. A second new genus, Astrochiton gen. nov., has a neotropical distribution that is disjunct from other Nierstraszellidae. The two species, our selected type species, Lepidopleurus binghami Boone, 1928, from the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, and A. incongruus (Dall, 1908) from the tropical Eastern Pacific. The results of a phylogenetic analysis, based on combined mitochondrial cox1 and 16S gene regions and corresponding to morphological affinities, support all three genera as independent lineages. Together, Nierstraszellidae is strongly supported as monophyletic relative to multiple included outgroups from across and outside of Lepidopleurida. Within Nierstraszellidae, a geographic split is evident between Indo-West Pacific and neotropical species. The molecular analysis also reveals a strong phylogeographic pattern within N. lineata. that is inconsistent with regular gene flow, hinting at cryptic species diversity. Together, our analyses support three genera that are united by features of the girdle, radula, and patterns of strong variability in the number of pores of aesthetes in the aesthete group. In contrast to other Lepidopleurida, members of Nierstraszellidae have a surprising amount of intraspecific variability in their tegmental sculpture, with some individuals having tegmentum granules in rows, while others have no trace of granules. Based on the number and location of the pores of the aesthetes, the Jurassic species Leptochiton shapovalovi Sirenko, 2013 is provisionally assigned to Rissochiton, which has implications for the antiquity of the family.

DOI
10.35885/ruthenica.2026.36(3).3
Обновленный состав семейства Nierstraszellidae (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) с описанием двух новых родов и двух новых видов
Сиренко Б.; Ээрниссе Д.;